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Distribution and damage: Downy mildew is a kind of relatively important and harmful disease. The symptoms of this kind of disease occur regularly, the biological characteristics of pathogens and the environmental conditions of the disease are similar, causing serious diseases. loss.
Symptoms: It can develop in the whole growth period, and the leaves, stems, pedicels, seed pods and other parts can be infected by pathogens. On the leaves, yellowish green lesions with unclear edges occur at first, and gradually turn yellow to brown. After the lesions are enlarged, they are restricted by the veins to become polygonal. When the humidity in the field is high, a layer of white frosty mildew is produced in the back part of the leaf. The lesions often heal each other into pieces, and finally the whole leaves are dead. This disease occurs on the leaves closer to the ground, and the young leaves rarely occur. The main symptoms of the symptoms of vegetable downy mildew:
1 is mainly harmful to the leaves, the lesions are initially fading green or yellowish, without a distinct circumference;
2 on the surface of the diseased part (the leaves are mainly on the back), the color of the mildew layer (spore sac and spore stalk) grows;
3 The onset site starts from the blade closer to the ground and gradually expands upward or inward, and the young leaves rarely occur.
Pathogen: caused by fungal infection, the parasitic nature of these pathogens is obligate parasites, which can only absorb nutrients from living tissues and cells, and destroy host vegetable tissues and cells.
Pathogenesis and environmental conditions: The oospores remain in the soil in the diseased body, or adhere to the surface of the seed for wintering. After wintering, by means of rainwater splashing, it is transmitted to the leaves closer to the ground to produce buds. The tube is initially infested. The climate is hot and cold, when it is sunny and rainy, the field is humid and the incidence is heavy.
Control method:
1 use resistant varieties;
2 seed treatment: 50) "Fu Shuangmei or 75% chlorothalonil seed dressing, the dosage is O.4% of the seed weight}
3 Clean the pastoral: rational rotation, open the compartment ditch, reduce the humidity and groundwater level in the field;
4 chemical control: in the early stage of the disease or the emergence of the central disease plant immediately sprayed, can be used 800 times liquid cream; ruthenium, ruthenium copper, 25% metalaxyl 1 (000 times liquid spray, with special effects; can also use Daisen Ammonium, zinc, antibacterial, carbendazim 80 () double liquid spray, spray on the back when spraying.
(2) Vegetable disease: It can harm a variety of vegetables such as cucumber, melon, pepper, taro, potato, etc. The disease has an upward trend in recent years and is an important disease. If the environment is suitable, the disease will occur rapidly, often leading to the destruction of the whole field in a short period of time. .
Symptoms: There are differences in symptoms due to different vegetable varieties:
1 Cucumber disease affects the stems and stems of the stems, and the leaves and fruits can also be harmed. The base of the stem was initially green and immersed, the diseased part collapsed, the upper leaves gradually withered, and finally the whole plant died. When the diseased plant is dead, the diseased leaves are still green, the stems are damaged, the diseased part is contracted and twisted, the upper branches and leaves are wilted, the leaves are damaged, and the dark green water-stained spots are initially formed, which are enlarged to be nearly circular. The lesions, the edges are not obvious, and the wet weather often causes the entire leaves to rot.
2 Winter melon disease: damage to fruits, leaves and vines. In the lower part of the melon, a yellow-brown water-soaked lesion appears, and the diseased part is sunken. The white spotted mildew on the spot is rotted and stinky. The leaf spot is yellowish brown, the edge is not obvious, the white mold is on, the rainy and wet leaves are rotted;
3 Capsicum blight: Most of the adult stage occurs. The lesions are dark brown needle-like spots at the beginning, and then rapidly expand. The diseased part is black, the main stem is damaged, the lesions can be extended to branches, and the plants rapidly wither and die.
Pathogen: fungal disease.
Pathogenesis and environmental conditions: The bacteria overwinter in the seeds and seed potatoes. Most of the diseases are spores and myceliums with the diseased plants in the soil overwintering. After wintering, the pathogens mainly rely on the splashing action of rainwater to adhere to the soil particles. The overwintering pathogen is transmitted to the parasitic main body, invades the host under suitable climatic conditions, causing the first infiltration and reproduction, and then re-infected by airflow, rainwater, etc. The factors affecting the onset include humidity, cultivation management level and variety disease resistance. Humidity is the main factor. Under humid environmental conditions, the disease is usually serious. All the terrain is low, the drainage is poor, the soil is sticky, and the water is stained after the rain. Or the land that leaks near the canal is seriously affected. Partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, management of extensive, high humidity vegetable field is also serious.
Control method:
1 high sorghum deep ditch, strengthen flood control; 2 reasonable rotation, increase the application of organic fertilizer; 3 use disease-resistant disease-free seeds; 4 chemical control; timely spray protection is a more effective measure to prevent the spread of the disease. Due to the short incubation period and rapid spread of the disease, it should be carried out before the onset of the disease. It can be sprayed with Bordeaux liquid cucumber 0.3%, pepper 0.5%, sputum and potato 1% concentration spray, and can be sprayed with metalaxyl 500 times liquid. Liquid, thiophanate, dikesone 1000 times liquid spray.
(3) Vegetable wilt; can be harmful to pepper, tomato, cucumber, melon, loofah, watermelon and other crops.
Symptoms: Solanum is mainly expressed on the leaves closer to the ground. The leaves are yellow and then brown and dry, but the dead leaves are still not attached to the stems. Sometimes the yellow leaves appear only on one side of the stems or leaves. On the other side, the leaves are normal in color, and the stems are cut longitudinally or transversely, and the vascular bundles are brown. Cucumber wilt disease, in the early stage of the disease, the leaves at the base of the stem suddenly appear wilting, which is easily confused by the performance caused by insufficient water supply to the leaves. The leaves are more obvious around noon, and gradually return to normal in the evening, occurring continuously. After a few days, the whole plant died and the leaves did not fall off. In wet conditions, the surface of the disease often produces white or pink mildew.
Pathogenesis and environmental conditions: The pathogen remains in the soil with the residue of the diseased plant. It can be used for saprophytic life in the soil, and the surface of the seed can also carry bacteria. The pathogen mainly invades through the root wound, and the disease is infested by the seedling stage until the flowering result of the adult plant. The soil of the vegetable field is heavy, the soil is sticky, and the disease is low.
Prevention and treatment methods; (1) selection of disease-resistant, disease-free seeds for seed treatment; (2) rotation for cooking; (3) chemical control, spray with carbendazim or benzoate 800 times solution, 1000 times for mancozeb Liquid spray.
(4) Vegetable anthracnose: It can be used for melons, cruciferous vegetables, peppers, eggplants and kidney beans. 
Occurrence and control of main diseases and insect pests of summer vegetables
(1) The occurrence and prevention of major diseases of vegetables (1) Downy mildew of vegetables: It can harm cruciferous vegetables, cucumbers, lettuce, onions, spinach, and broccoli.
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