Piston rings are manufactured and classified on the basis of function and usability. The primary usage of the Piston Ring is to seal the chamber (where the piston is moving), which can be a combustion chamber of a 2 stroke or a 4 stroke engine. Marine engines have three or more types of rings fitted on the circumference of the piston.
In 2-stroke large engines, compression type piston rings are used to seal the combustion chamber and wiper rings are installed below them to wipe the deposits from the liner and distribute oil on the liner surface.
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The piston ring is an essential piston part, and its numbers and functionality differ depending on the type and capacity of the engine.
Application of Dynamic Balance Valve in HVAC Construction Project (3)
3, air-conditioning design should be based on the supply and return water temperature winter and summer to set a reasonable balance of water balance valve In the four-control air-conditioning system with two balance valve is to meet the winter and summer different water requirements, when the winter and summer air-conditioning heating, Different water temperature difference, the water flow is very different, so in the two control system should be based on winter and summer flow requirements set the balance valve: Method 1, set the variable flow type dynamic balance valve, change the valve in winter and summer season. Method Two, set two balance valve, valve 1 according to the winter flow to select the valve, valve 2 according to the summer, winter, the difference between the maximum amount of water to choose the valve, winter valve 1, two valves in summer, with two valves to achieve four air-conditioning control Features. Method three, using a dynamic balance valve with automatic control device through the computer to set the flow. Otherwise, due to the difference between winter and summer air-conditioning water flow, it is impossible to simply set the fixed-flow dynamic balance valve on the air-conditioning terminal to meet the water balance of two seasons. VI, dynamic balance valve engineering design example 1, project profile Located in the prosperous Wangfujing Commercial Street in Beijing Xin Dong'an market, by the Beijing Dongan Group and Hong Kong Sun Hung Kai Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. joint venture to build the project, covers an area of ​​about 21400m2 . The project construction is huge in scale. The building plan is divided into four sections: A, B, C and D, of which A, B and B are the market segments of Xin Dong An; and D is the moving part of Zengcheng District. Three underground floors, six on the ground, podium above the office for the eleven layers. The new Dong An market frozen room total load of 10450RT (about 36750KW). Air conditioning water from the underground three-story freezer led to the ground floor. In order to reduce non-commercial area. The water system is for the next two-pronged system. From the second floor to 20 air-conditioned plumbing wells. Fan coil water system according to the characteristics of the construction load is divided into inner zone, outer zone two loops. The inner area is for chilled water only and the outer area is for winter hot water supply. According to the climate and indoor conformity situation, through the building automatic control system in the basement by electric control of the shaft to switch the dual zone warm and cold water outside the hot and cold water switch. 2, air-conditioning design of the balance valve program For the refrigeration unit and the freezing pump, in order to avoid the load due to various factors partial load occurs, in the freezer and constant flow of the secondary pump outlet installed counterbalance valve. Due to the large building layout of the new Dongan market and the high commercial floor area required by the "Golden Land" by the owners and architects, the area of ​​equipment rooms and pipe wells is small and its location is also unfavorable. As a result, there is a significant increase in the area of ​​108m in longitudinal direction and 270m The piping system, the pipeline resistance balance and system debugging difficulties is quite large. In order to address the difficulty of "long and difficult pipelines" in water systems, two sets of balance plans were developed during the design process. Option 1: Multipole set up normal balance of water pipe installation between the wells ①In the main line and 20 HVAC pipe installation balance valve ②In the shaft outlet installation of balancing valve ③In each air conditioning box installation balance valve ④ In each Install balance valve on outlet of tenant Solution 2: Use dynamic balancing valve ①Install balance valve on fan coil of end device ② Install balance valve on air conditioner box of end device After economic comparison, the balance valve scheme finally adopted is ①Air conditioner box End balance valve and self-control valves installed ② retail and office space within the office two or three fan coil with a balancing valve and self-control valve, outside the office building for each fan coil balance valve and self-control valve 3, balance valve application summary ①Long lines of large-scale system of multi-stage installation of ordinary balance valve prices higher than the end of the first-class equipment dynamic balance valve. ② install dynamic balance valve on the end device, the scope of the impact of small maintenance, and the tenant air-conditioning start and stop the impact. ③ dynamic balance valve comes with a filter to avoid dirt in the water system piping on the self-control valve damage. ④ Because the error of the dynamic balance valve within a certain pressure range is only ± 5%, the opening or closing of some of the devices has almost no influence on the flow of other devices, which ensures the stability of the water flow of the terminal device.