Fertilization technology in tea gardens

The tea tree is a perennial economic crop for the collection of young buds. The new green trophic shoots are harvested from the tea tree several times a year, which is extremely harmful to the tea tree. At the same time, tea trees themselves need to constantly build roots, stems, leaves and other vegetative organs, in order to maintain the luxuriant tree and continue to expand regrowth, as well as flowering, fruiting and progeny, etc., consume a lot of nutrients, therefore, must be timely Give reasonable supplements to meet the robust growth of tea trees, so that they are of high quality, stable yield and high yield.

Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the growth and development of tea trees:

The mineral elements necessary for the growth of tea trees are: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, magnesium, sulfur and other elements and manganese, zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum, aluminum, fluorine and other trace elements. Among these elements, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are the most consumed and often need to be replenished as fertilizer, so it is called the three elements of fertilizer. Tea trees consume the most nitrogen, followed by phosphorus and potassium.

(1) Nitrogen: Nitrogen is an important component of synthetic protein and chlorophyll. Application of nitrogen fertilizer can promote the growth of tea roots, make branches and leaves flourish, promote the absorption of other nutrients by tea trees, and improve the photosynthetic efficiency of tea trees. When the nitrogen supply is sufficient, the tea tree sprouts more, the new shoots grow faster, the internodes are longer, the leaves are more, the leaf area is larger, the tender period is prolonged, and the reproductive growth can be inhibited, thereby improving the yield and quality of the fresh leaves. Nitrogen application has a good effect on improving the quality of green tea. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer has an adverse effect on the quality of black tea. If it is properly blended with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, it can improve the quality of both green tea and black tea. When the nitrogen fertilizer is insufficient, the tree is weakened, the leaves are yellow, the buds are thin, the proportion of the leaves is increased, the leaf quality is old, the leafing life is shortened, and the flowering result is more, which not only affects the tea yield but also reduces the tea quality. The normal nitrogen content of fresh tea leaves is 4% to 5%, and the old leaves are 3% to 4%. If the nitrogen content of young leaves falls below 4%, and the mature old leaves fall below 3%, it indicates that the nitrogen fertilizer is seriously insufficient. .

(2) Phosphorus: Phosphate fertilizer can promote the development of tea roots, enhance the absorption of nutrients by tea trees, promote starch synthesis and improve the physiological functions of chlorophyll. Thereby increasing the content of tea polyphenols, catechins, proteins and water extracts in tea, and comprehensively improving the quality of tea. Phosphorus deficiency in tea trees is often difficult to detect in a short period of time, sometimes only after a few years. The symptoms are: the new bud leaves are yellow and thin, the internodes are not easy to stretch, the old leaves are dark green and dull, and then the yellow leaves fall off, and the roots are dark brown.

(3) Potassium: Potassium has a positive effect on the formation, transformation and storage of carbohydrates. It can also supplement the lack of sunshine, promote light contraction under low light, promote root development, regulate water metabolism, and enhance resistance to freezing damage and pests. force. In the absence of potassium, the leaves of the lower part of the tea tree age early and fall off in advance. The tea tree branches are sparse and delicate, the canopy does not develop, and the tender leaves are accompanied by irregular green deficiency, which makes the tea tree resistant to pests and other natural disasters. reduce.