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1. The status quo of Chinese coated abrasives 
China's coated abrasives were developed after liberation. In 1960, the widest (1000mm) flat running dry sanding cloth production line in China was built at the Shanghai Grinding Wheel Factory. In 1964, the hanging dry abrasive sandpaper production line imported from the Democratic Republic of Germany was built in the China Second Grinding Wheel Factory in Zhengzhou. From the early 1980s to the mid-1990s, China's No. 2 Grinding Wheel Factory and Shanghai Grinding Wheel Factory successively introduced a complete set of coated abrasives production lines from the Federal Republic of Germany, which enabled China's coated abrasive industry to achieve a qualitative leap. Since the end of the 20th century, the scale of production of coated abrasives in China has been continuously expanded, with numerous manufacturers and complete varieties. Today, China has become the world's largest country in coated abrasives.
1.1 Production scale
In recent years, despite the impact of the global financial crisis, China's coated abrasives have continued to grow (see Figure 1). In 2012, the export of coated abrasives in China maintained a relatively high growth rate of US$247 million, an increase of 10.9%, a record high; the growth rate of imports slowed down, the import volume increased by 13.2% compared with the same period of last year, and the import volume increased by 0.56%. However, the increase in the value of imports throughout the year indicates that the added value of imported products is still growing. 
Figure 1 China's coated abrasives continue to grow 
Figure 2 Total Imports and Exports of Chinese Coated Abrasives Tables 1 to 4 show the proportion of various coated abrasive products in China in 2012. In 2012, the annual output of coated abrasives in China was nearly 400 million m2. In terms of varieties, the paper, page wheel and cloth belts accounted for the top three, which were 52.12%, 20.6% and 13.44% respectively. 
Major manufacturers of coated abrasives in China include: Hubei Yuli Abrasive Belt Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Mitsubishi Abrasives Co., Ltd., Baige Abrasives Co., Ltd., Hubei Tongcheng County Pagoda Abrasives Factory, Zibo Sisha Taishan Abrasives Co., Ltd., Foshan Shunde Xiaoyang Sand Grinding Material Co., Ltd., Changzhou Jinniu Grinding Co., Ltd., etc. In 2012, production concentration continued to increase. From the perspective of manufacturing enterprises, Hubei Yuli, Jiangsu Mitsubishi, Jiangsu Fengmang, Zibo Taishan and Changzhou Jinniu accounted for 55.6% of the total output; from the perspective of product companies, Sichuan Gurui, Linyi Sanchao, Zhejiang Yida, Shanghai Wuzi Fang and Anhui brothers produced a total of 21.35 million m2, accounting for 84.4% of the total output.
1.2 Application areas 
The main applications of coated abrasives include: wood-based panels, the automotive industry and the steel industry.
China's wood-based panel production is increasing every year, accounting for 47.3% of the world by 2010 (see Figure 3). The average surface of each cubic meter of wood-based panels needs to be sanded to about 200 m2. According to the calculation of 1000 m2 wood-based panels per square meter of abrasive belts, China needs 28.6 million m2 of abrasive belts in 2012. 
Figure 3 World and China's wood-based panel production In the automotive industry, each body requires about 40 pieces of sandpaper. According to 2012, China's automobile production will need about 770 million pieces, about 50 million square meters. (Figure 4) 
Figure 4 Annual output of China's automobiles In the steel industry, steel plates need to be coated with abrasive sanding to light their surface. According to foreign statistics, each coated steel needs to consume 0.7-1 m2 of coated abrasives. According to the calculation of China's crude steel output of 716 million tons in 2012, it is necessary to apply about 50 million m2 of coated abrasives according to 10% of the profiles. (Figure 5) 
Figure 5 World and China's steel output 2. Progress in China's coated abrasives in recent years
2.1 Progress of raw materials
Raw materials for the coated abrasives include: abrasives, resins and substrates.
2.1.1 Progress in abrasives
Through the continuous efforts of the Abrasives Standards Committee, the standardization of abrasives has been gradually promoted, and the development of standards for abrasives for coated abrasives has promoted the development of coated abrasives. In addition, the use of calcined abrasives, coated abrasives, and stacked abrasives improves the performance of coated abrasives.
(1) After the abrasive is subjected to high temperature calcination at a specific temperature, the impurities present in the abrasive are precipitated or vaporized, so that the quality of the abrasive becomes more pure and the surface of the particles is rougher, thereby greatly improving the hydrophilicity of the abrasive particles, and After calcination, the microcracks generated by the abrasive during the crushing process are closed, and the toughness and strength of the abrasive are greatly improved.
(2) The abrasive can be improved by plating, and the plating forms include: metal plating, ceramic plating, resin plating, and coupling agent plating.
(3) Zirconium corundum (4) The stacked abrasive is composed of a series of coarse abrasive grains in appearance, and in fact each large abrasive grain is composed of many fine alumina or silicon carbide abrasives. The abrasive particles are firmly adhered to the substrate by a high-strength adhesive, and the fine abrasives on the particles are randomly arranged, so that the particles are slightly worn out during the entire grinding process, and the residual sand is randomly peeled off, revealing a new one. The complete abrasive continues to work and the resulting multilayer abrasive grinding increases the life of the belt. This multi-level continuous grinding method is much better than the traditional electrostatic sanding and gravity sanding method. The single layer of abrasive is distributed on the surface of the substrate to form a uniform arrangement of sand surface to achieve the purpose of grinding.
2.1.2 Advances in Resin
The variety of resins is increasing, and the specialized primer, compounding and impregnating liquids are gradually expanding, and manufacturers are gradually concentrated. The main manufacturers include: Jinan Shengquan, Guangdong Taier and Changzhou Southeast; among them, Jinan Shengquan phenolic resin production ranks first in Asia and top five in the world. In addition, urea-formaldehyde resins, epoxy resins, polyurethanes, polyacrylates, polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl alcohols and rubber emulsions have a wide range of applications.
2.1.3 Progress of the substrate
The development trend of the substrate is:
Pure cotton belt base fabric → polyester cotton belt base fabric → high strength polyester belt base fabric → polyester / nylon non-woven fabric.
Starch slurry→Starch/resin mixed slurry+PVA slurry→All resin base paper 2.2 Equipment and production line 2.2.1 Base cloth processing line 2.2.2 Hanging belt line 2.2.3 Online monitoring device and equipment 2.2. 4 The automatic production line of the slats Mianyang Zhongmao has a limited liability company to manufacture equipment that has produced 18 inch and 72-page sanding discs per minute.
2.3 New products
The products coated with abrasive tools are constantly updated by the market, such as: ultra-wide belts for wood-based panels, non-woven belts and page wheels, zirconium corundum heavy-duty belts/abrasive cloth, stacked abrasive belts, polyester film Grinding abrasive belts, diamond and CBN abrasive belts.
2.3.1 Extra-wide belt for wood-based panels
The ultra-wide belt manufacturing uses special polyester cloth base, adopts polyester cloth base setting and anti-static treatment technology, and silicon carbide abrasive shaping technology to solve the problems of easy folding, broken belt and electrostatic adsorption of the belt during the grinding process. It meets the special requirements of ultra-wide belt for latitudinal strength and stiffness, artificial sanding and smoothness and flatness. The ultra-wide belt has the characteristics of high grinding efficiency, good wear resistance, anti-static, anti-clogging, high workpiece smoothness, suitable for sanding of ultra-wide panel, and the grinding performance has reached the level of similar foreign products.
2.3.2 Zirconium corundum heavy duty abrasive belt / abrasive cloth
It adopts high-strength high-temperature treatment technology of cloth base, special sand-grown sand technology of zirconium corundum abrasive, high temperature and high impact resistance modification of phenolic resin, adhesive formula, anti-burn and anti-clogging coating technology, which solves the deformation of the belt and low bond strength. The problem of quick sand removal during grinding. Zirconium corundum heavy-duty abrasive belt/abrasive cloth has sharp grinding, long life, is not easy to burn and block, and has the characteristics of high cost performance. The grinding performance has reached the level of international famous brands.
2.3.3 Stacked abrasive belt
The stacked abrasive belt is a new type of grinding tool that has emerged in recent years. It has the advantages of high grinding efficiency, stable grinding performance, good grinding precision and long service life, so it can meet various high-density materials and metals. The grinding and polishing of alloys is the tool of choice for precision grinding. The stacked abrasive belt is made up of many small-sized micro-powders, which are bonded together to form a large abrasive particle suitable for the needs, and then the plant is evenly planted on the specially treated substrate by advanced electrostatic sand-grinding technology. The refined high-strength abrasive belt can be used like a fixed abrasive. The abrasive material that is blunt during the grinding process is continuously detached under the action of centrifugal force, thereby exposing new sand particles, so that it can work stably. . The abrasive abrasive belt aggregates the abrasive, so more abrasives per unit area are used to grind, thus extending the service life. Generally, the service life of the stacked abrasive belt is one to three times that of the ordinary belt. The long life of the abrasive belt can reduce the number of frequent replacement of the abrasive belt and the adjustment of the sanding machine, saving time, avoiding the fluctuation of the quality of the processed workpiece, improving the processing efficiency and the processing quality of the workpiece, ensuring the stability of the product quality, reliability.
2.3.4 Polyester film grinding and polishing belt
The deep-processed abrasive is a high-grade coated abrasive made by special sand-implanting method and evenly planted on the surface of the film. Since polyester film is a non-polar material with a particularly smooth surface, the requirements for synthetic rubber are particularly stringent. The polyester film belt is based on a high-strength polyester film with a specially modified synthetic resin as a binder. It extends the working range of coated abrasives to the field of precision polishing, which provides the possibility of micro-precision polishing. Film-based grinding products have been widely recognized in various precision processing industries. At present, precision grinding has been widely used in precision polishing of stainless steel parts, paper machinery, printing industry, copper foil industry, automotive industry and other related workpieces.
2.3.5 Diamond and CBN abrasive belts
Superhard materials are much more expensive than ordinary abrasives, but from the standpoint of high performance, long life, and high cost performance, the use of superhard material abrasive belts is a highly efficient, cost-effective and cost-effective tool. Diamond sand belt is used for grinding and polishing of complex shapes of hard and brittle materials such as stone, glass, ceramic, monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, synthetic materials, hard alloys and aluminum alloys. CBN abrasive belts are used for grinding and polishing of hard and tough materials such as iron-based alloys, titanium alloys, stainless steels, high-temperature alloys, (nickel-based and cobalt-based alloys) and complex shaped workpieces.
2.3.6 Theoretical study on abrasive belt grinding
Large-area plate grinding and polishing of metal strip or wire for continuous polishing processing Large-scale generator rotor, engine crankshaft and other workpieces on the outer surface of the cylinder, oil pipeline, pressure vessel and other workpieces, the inner circular surface of the aircraft engine blade, steam turbine Polishing of complex shaped workpieces such as blades
3. Development trend
The future development trend of coated abrasives includes the application of advanced technology and the improvement of related equipment. Advanced technologies include: development and application of high-strength heavy-duty base paper, development of high-strength all-polyester cloth and its processing technology, development and application of low-temperature and quick-drying adhesives, development and application of colorless adhesives, etc. The improvement includes: automatic control of equipment for coating abrasive production line, precise control of coating (including ray thickness measurement), research on integrated measurement and control technology, development and research of original cloth processing equipment, automation of belt conversion equipment, digital research and Development, development of special production lines for superhard materials (synthetic diamond and cubic boron nitride) coated abrasives and development of special production lines for polymer film coated abrasives.
3.1 Diamond and CBN abrasive belt: used for high speed, high hardness steel; hard alloy; glass; thermal spray alloy; grinding of engineering ceramics
3.2 Zirconium corundum and ceramic abrasive belt: Heavy-duty grinding 3.3 Non-woven belt and grinding wheel: high-gloss, high-precision grinding 3.4 Polyester film belt: used in silicon wafers, solar panels, computer hard drives, High-precision, high-precision grinding of engine crankshaft journals 3.5 Development and application of new raw materials 3.5.1 Development and application of high-strength heavy-duty base paper 3.5.2 Development of high-strength all-polyester cloth and its processing technology 3.5.3 Development and application of low temperature and quick-drying adhesives 3.5.4 Development and application of colorless binders 3.5.5 Development and application of inorganic polymer materials 3.6 New technologies and processes for coated abrasives 3.6.1 Low temperature and fast drying Development of new technology 3.6.2 Development of new process for original cloth processing 3.6.3 Greening of coated abrasives 3.7 Development and application of new equipment and production lines 3.7.1 Automatic control and coating of coated abrasive production line equipment Precision control (including ray thickness measurement), integrated measurement and control technology research 3.7.2 Development and research of original cloth processing equipment 3.7.3 Automated tape conversion device, research and development of digital 3.7.4 superhard material (synthetic diamond and cubic boron nitride) abrasives coated develop dedicated line
3.7.5 Development of special production line for polymer film coated abrasives
references
1 Gao Bingyuan. Shen Qian side of the side of the thousand sails over the disease tree Wan Muchun - talk about the development trend of coated abrasive products enterprises [J] Abrasives Newsletter, 2012, 9:10 ~ 11.
2 Zheng Chao, Lu Zhi. Development Status of Superhard Material Coated Abrasives [C] Proceedings of the 5th Zhengzhou International Superhard Materials and Products Symposium, 2008: 202~208.
3 Zou Wenjun. Step by step to develop the abrasive industry development strategy [J] Mechanical Engineer, 2009, 4:15~18.
4 An Jianmin, Wang Guangzu, Liu Jinchang. Superhard material coated abrasives [C] Application and development of high performance anti-corrosion coating and surface protection technology - Proceedings of the 16th National Surface Protection Technology Exchange Conference, 2011: 56~59.
About the author : Zou Wenjun male, born in January 1961, dean of the School of Materials, Henan University of Technology, professor, doctor, master tutor. Member of the National Abrasives Standardization Technical Committee, deputy director of the Coating Abrasives Technical Committee, and deputy director of the China Abrasives Industry Expert Committee.
Zou Wenjun: Current Status and Prospects of Chinese Coated Abrasives
Abstract: This paper analyzes the development status of coated abrasives from the scale of production and application fields, introduces the progress of raw materials and new products in recent years, and forecasts the development trend of coated abrasives.