Plastics need to add different kinds of plastic additives in the processing to meet different processing and application requirements. Xiaobian today briefly introduces the classification and characteristics of these additives~ What are the additives? A plastic additive is a chemical substance that is dispersed in a molecular structure of a plastic and does not seriously affect the molecular structure of the plastic, but can improve its properties or reduce the cost. The addition of additives can promote plastics to improve the processing, physical, chemical and other functions of the substrate and increase the physical and chemical properties of the substrate. What are the plastic additives? In terms of increasing the processing characteristics of the substrate, the additives include: Mobility: slip agent; Thermal stability: thermal stabilizers, antioxidants; Dispersibility: processing aids, dispersants; Compatibility: compatible agents, coupling agents; Melting strength: bridging agent, tackifier. In terms of increasing the physical and chemical properties of the substrate, the additives include: Rigidity, strength: filler, crystal nucleating agent; Impact: impact modifier; Heat resistance: filler, crystal nucleating agent; Flame resistance: flame retardant; Weather resistance: stabilizer UV stabilizer; Conductivity: antistatic agent conductive coating filler; Color: color material; Softness: plasticizer processing oil; Density: foaming agent; Transparency: crystal nucleating agent, hygienic: antibacterial agent. Plastic additives mainly have the following classifications: 1, plastic additives - antioxidants (antioxidant) The unsaturated double bonds in the plastic are caused by oxygen atoms, heat and light to cause breakage to generate free radicals, thereby causing a chain reaction, causing the molecular chains to break or form chain crosslinks, resulting in a decrease or crispness of the finished plastic product. The function of antioxidants is to delay the decomposition of plastics due to oxidation and prolong the life of plastic products. The antioxidants used in the plastics industry can be distinguished by function: (1) Oxidative chain reaction inhibitors: such as alkyl phenol, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), aromatic amines, phenyl-B-Naphtylamine (Phenyl-B-Naphtylamine) , alkyl quinone, alkylene bisphenol, alkyl phenolthioether, Phenyl salicylate, and the like. (2) Peroxide decomposition agent: for example, a thioether ether system, a Thio propionate ester, an organic phosphite compound, a disulfide sulfonate system, or the like. (3) Heavy metal inactivating agents: such as amidates, urethanes, aromatic amine compounds, and the like. 2, plastic additives - antistatic agent (antistatic agent) The main function of the antistatic agent is to impart conductivity to the plastic so that it avoids the accumulation of static electricity due to friction. Commonly used antistatic agents are quaternary ammonium salts (Quaternary ammonium salts), ethoxylated amines, fatty acid esters and sulphonated waxes (Sulfonated wax). 3, plastic additives - foaming agent (Blowingagent) There are three main types of foaming agents for plastics: (1) Nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and air are directly pressed into the plastic melt to foam; (2) volatile liquids such as butane, pentane, petroleum ether, difluoromethylene chloride, etc., volatilize and expand after heating In order to foam the plastic body, the common polystyrene foam belongs to this type; (3) decomposable chemical foaming agent, which is generally a solid powder, which liberates gas when heated (usually It is nitrogen or carbon dioxide), which gives the plastic a cell-like structure and reduces weight. Most of such blowing agents are organic azo compounds such as azodicarbonamide and azobisisobutyro-nitrile (abbreviated as aIBN). Foamed plastics mainly include: aBS, PS, PVC, PU, ​​EVa, PE, PP, etc. 4, plastic additives - plastic flame retardant (Flameretardant) When the plastic added with the flame retardant is exposed to the flame, it can suppress the spread of the flame and prevent the formation of smoke. When the flame is removed, the combustion will stop. The principle of flame retardant used in plastic can be roughly divided into three types: (1) A reactive type of flame retardant can react with oxygen to form an inert gas, which is enveloped around the combustion product and reduces the oxygen content of the combustion product to achieve the purpose of terminating combustion. This method is used for CO, CO2, NH3 and halogen compounds, such as PVC, PU foam, polyester or epoxy resin. (2) Non-reactive type of flame retardant is a compound containing halogen, phosphorus, nitrogen or boron. When combustion occurs, an inert substance can be decomposed and covered on the surface of the plastic burning body to form A layer of obstacles to isolate the outside oxygen for fire resistance. (3) When a flame retardant containing an aqueous oxide such as alumina is subjected to combustion, water vapor can be released to absorb the hot gas in the combustion process, so that the temperature around the combustion product is lowered to suppress the spread of the flame and prevent the formation of smoke. 5, plastic additives - lubricants (Lubricant) The slip agent can be divided into an internal slip agent and an external slip agent. The main function of the internal slip agent is to improve the internal fluidity of the resin and reduce the internal friction between the resin molecular chains, such as fatty acid lipids (stearate monoglyceride); The external slip agent reduces the adhesion of the resin to the processing machine and improves the smoothness of the surface of the product, such as HoechstWax. 6, plastic additives - impact modifier (Impactmodifier) The impact modifier is usually a special resin added in a compounding manner to improve the impact resistance of the plastic. Impact-resistant modifiers often affect the heat resistance, flowability, or processability of plastics, and must be carefully selected. 7, plastic additives - plasticizer (Plasticizer) Most synthetic resins have plasticity, but the plasticity is not the same. In order to make the resin easy to plasticize and impart softness to the product, some low molecular substances are generally added to the resin. These low molecular substances are called plasticizers. Plasticizers are liquid or low melting materials and should have good miscibility with the resin. Commonly used plasticizers are phthalic acid esters, aliphatic dibasic acid esters, phosphate esters, chlorinated paraffins, and the like. 8, plastic additives - coloring agent (Coloring agent) The colorant-containing additive added to the material in order to beautify and decorate the plastic is called a colorant. 9, plastic additives - filler (Filling material) It is added to the plastic compound to reduce the cost, and sometimes it can also improve the physical properties of the plastic. The relatively inert substance such as hardness, stiffness and impact strength is called filler. The most commonly used fillers are clays, silicates, talc, carbonates, and the like.
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