Peanut root knot nematode disease is also called peanut nematode disease, rehmanthosis, and jaundice. It occurs in all major peanut production areas in China. In Shandong, Hebei, Liaoning and other provinces are heavier. Timely pesticide control is necessary to reduce losses.
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First, the symptoms of the symptoms: mainly damage the roots, so that the tip of the young roots gradually expand into small grains to mung bean-sized tumors (worms), and many irregular roots grow on the tumor, and the roots form tumors when they are damaged again. After repeated infestation, the roots of the whole plant are in the form of chaotic hair roots. When the shell is ill, the surface can also produce brown worms of different sizes. Due to the hindrance of root absorption, the diseased plants are short, the stems and leaves turn yellow, the flowering is delayed, and the pods are few. About half a month after the emergence of the diseased plant, the symptoms can be expressed in the upper part of the plant, and the most obvious in the group stage (before and after the wheat harvest). By the time of the rainy season in July and August, the diseased plant turned from yellow to green, but it was still shorter than the healthy plant. The difference between the normal nodules of the roots of the worms and the roots of the peanuts is that the root-fixing bacteria of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria are mostly on the side of the main and lateral roots, and the roots are not rooted, and the tumors are light and purple, while the insects often occur at the ends of the roots. The entire root end is irregularly enlarged, and many unidentified hairy roots are found, and there are white sand-like female nematodes in the pupa.
Second, the occurrence of the law: pathogenic nematodes mainly with eggs and larvae with disease roots, diseased fruit in the soil or manure winter over the next year, when the soil temperature reached 10-12 °C in April next year, the eggs hatched into larvae, invading peanut roots, forming insects. Peanut root-knot nematode infested peanuts with two distinct peak periods, which occurred 21-31 days after peanut emergence. The first peak period is the new root growth period of peanuts, and the second peak period is the second. Generation larvae grow in the mouth during the mouth density. The nematodes are mainly distributed in a 40 cm soil layer and move an average of 1 cm per day on sand. Pathogenic nematodes can be spread by diseased fruit and manure mixed with diseased plant residues, and can also be spread by farm tools, humans and animals, and surface water for short-distance spread. Generally speaking, continuous cropping is serious and rotation is light; sandy loam is seriously ill. The sticky loam is heavier; the early sowing disease is heavier, the late sowing is lighter; the spring sowing is heavier, the summer sowing is lighter; the dry year is heavier, and the rainy year is lighter.
Third, prevention and treatment methods: prevention and control of nematode disease should be investigated first, and then prevention. According to the pesticide network , the investigation time should be before and after the harvest, because the symptoms of the upper part of the plant are obvious and easy to identify.
1. Agricultural control. Deep ploughing and soil improvement, adding organic fertilizers, creating good conditions for root growth and improving disease resistance. Rotation of crops, and rotation of corn, millet, wheat and potato, which are not susceptible to grass crops, can greatly reduce the density of insects in the soil, deep plan the roots of the disease, and carry out the rooting; when harvesting, concentrate the roots of the plants with the insects Dead insects reduce the spread of spread.
2. Strengthen quarantine. Do not transfer from the ward, if necessary, you can adjust the shell after the shell is removed.
3. Biological control. The application of biological preparations such as Paecilomyces lilacin and Verticillium ssp. can significantly reduce the nematode population and disinfect the eggs, and has a good control effect on root-knot nematodes.
4, chemical control. The soil was treated with 3 kg of 80% dibromochloropropane emulsion per acre and 4-5 kg ​​of 60% dibromoethane emulsion. The method is to apply evenly in the Shuligou when spring ploughing, and immediately cover the soil to avoid volatilization and reduce the efficacy; or use 3% furan granules and seeding at the same time to apply about 3 kilograms per mu; or use 10% Yishubao granules And 3% Miller granules about 5 kg per acre, ditching strips; China Pesticide Network recommends using 10% of the first line of emulsifiable milk, about 3 kilograms per acre plus 25 kilograms of fine soil to make toxic soil into the hole, after covering the soil sowing. Seeding should be layered to prevent phytotoxicity.