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Second, the application of wheat base fertilizer. Applying wheat base fertilizer is an important measure to improve soil fertility in wheat fields. The bottom fertilizer can ensure the nutrient requirement of wheat seedling growth, promote early fast-growing, and make the wheat seedling grow enough strong tillers and strong roots before winter, and lay a foundation for post-spring growth. The base fertilizer also has a good effect on the medium-term stability of the wheat, the formation of panicles and prevention of early premature aging. The amount of base fertilizer should be determined according to the production requirements, fertilizer type, nature, soil and climatic conditions. The base fertilizer should account for 60-70% of the total fertilization. The base fertilizer should be mainly organic fertilizer, and the appropriate amount of fertilizer should be applied with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Generally, the farmer's fertilizer is 1000-1500 kg, urea 10 kg or ammonium bicarbonate 25 kg, and high-concentration compound fertilizer 25-30 kg.
Third, the application of topdressing of wheat during the greening period. Top dressing depends on seedlings. For the seedlings with a total stem number of more than 1 million per acre before winter, due to too many tillers, the leaves are dark green, the leaves are hypertrophied, and the green fertilizer should be mainly phosphorus and potassium. Nitrogen fertilizer. 15 kg of calcium phosphate, 50-100 kg of plant ash or 10 kg of potash are beneficial to the lodging of strong stalks. For the strong seedlings with a total stem number of 70-100 million per acre before winter, the main part should be consolidated before winter, and the spring Tiller should be properly controlled to reduce the ineffective tiller. The topdressing can be applied at the end of February to the end of March. Ammonium 7.5-10 kg. Paddy buckwheat with strong water and fertility can be applied as early as possible; sandy loam or shajiang black soil with poor water retention and fertility can be applied late. When the wheat field is a little weak, you can apply "eccentric" fertilizer as appropriate. For the weak seedlings with insufficient tillering before winter, the green fertilizer should be applied again, and 15-20 kg of ammonium bicarbonate can be applied per mu. The application method is best to ditch the deep application and cover the soil after application. For wheat fields lacking phosphorus, 10-15 kg of superphosphate can be applied per mu.
Fourth, the application of wheat jointing and booting fertilizer. Wheat from jointing to heading is the most vigorous period of growth and development in a lifetime. It has a large absorption capacity and requires a lot of fertilizer. It is very important to meet the high nutrient yield of wheat during this period. Jointing, booting fertilizer should look at Miao Qiao Shi. For groups with poor growth of wheat and weak seedlings, the fertilizer should be applied early, and the rate of tillering should be increased, and the number of ears should be increased. The amount of topdressing can account for 10-15% of the total fertilization amount, and 3-4 kg of urea can be applied per acre. For the vigorous growth of wheat seedlings, the number of panicles is generally guaranteed due to the appropriate group, and the main ear should be attacked. In the jointing stage, the fertilizer should be properly controlled to prevent lodging, and the leaf color should be naturally faded. When it is rapidly elongating, re-water and fertilizer will be added to increase the grain. For the large population, the leaf area is too large, the leaves are dark green, and the leaves are wide and drooping. There is a risk of lodging. The main factors should be to control the fertilizer and water, deep-rooted and root-injured, and inhibit the post-harvest tillers. Plants, strong stalks prevent falling. When the sword leaves are exposed, if the leaves are faded, apply the boot fertilizer.
Fertilization management of wheat
First, the fertilizer requirement and fertilizer requirement of wheat. Wheat in Jiangsu Province is generally sown in mid-to-late October, with a longer growth period, which usually takes 210-230 days from sowing to maturity. Wheat is a crop that requires more fertilizer. According to the analysis, under the general cultivation conditions, for every 100 kilograms of wheat produced, it needs to absorb about 3 kilograms of nitrogen from the soil, and the phosphorus oxide is 1-1.5 kilograms. 4 kg, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is about 3:1:3. The amount and proportion of nutrients absorbed by wheat in different growth stages are different. There are two peaks in nitrogen uptake by wheat: first, in the stage of emergence to jointing (northern wintering and regreening), nitrogen uptake accounts for about 40% of total nitrogen; second, in the stage of jointing to booting, the absorption of nitrogen accounts for 30-40% of total nitrogen, there is still a small amount of absorption after flowering. The absorption of phosphorus and potassium by wheat accounts for about 30% of the total absorption during the tillering stage, and the absorption rate increases sharply after jointing. The absorption of phosphorus is the highest from the ear to the maturity, accounting for about 40% of the total absorption. Potassium absorption is the most from the jointing to the booting and flowering period, accounting for about 60% of the total absorption, and the absorption of potassium has reached the maximum when it is flowering. Therefore, in the wheat seedling stage, there should be an appropriate amount of nitrogen nutrition and a certain amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, so that the seedlings can be divided into early roots and early roots to cultivate strong seedlings. From jointing to flowering, it is the period in which the most nutrients are absorbed in wheat. It requires more nitrogen and potassium nutrients to consolidate the tillers into spikes, promote strong stalks and increase grain. After heading and flowering, sufficient nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition should be maintained to prevent premature aging of defermentation, promote the transformation and transportation of photosynthetic products, promote the filling of wheat grain and increase the grain weight.
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