Northern rice machine insertion greenhouse breeding technology

In the northern part of China, especially in the cold rice area, the rice growing season is tense, and traditional shed breeding is susceptible to low temperature, resulting in low rates of adulteration. In the greenhouse, it can be planted in advance to ensure the growth of seedlings. The rice transplanting technology in the greenhouse is aimed at the low temperature during the growing season in the northern rice region. Through greenhouse insulation, selected varieties, precision sowing, precise fertilization, pest control, adjustment Key technologies such as temperature-controlled water and cultivation of Zhuangjing will increase rice production and yield.

1. Selected varieties, suitable for sowing. According to the local accumulated temperature and variety maturity period, the varieties with high yield, high quality and strong resistance which have been approved by the State, Provincial or Agricultural Reclamation Bureau are selected as the main varieties. The sowing period in the greenhouse can be appropriately advanced compared to the sowing date of the shed, and the age can be controlled within 30-45 days.

2. Build a greenhouse and warm the soil. Cold rice areas generally grow in greenhouses or in greenhouses, with large air capacity and small temperature difference between day and night, to avoid the impact of early low temperature on seedlings. The cold winter rice has a low temperature in early spring and the soil temperature rises slowly. It is necessary to build a greenhouse for 10-20 days ahead of the sowing date to speed up soil warming. Generally, the shed is 5.0-6.0 meters wide, 1.5 meters high and 30-40 meters long. The greenhouse is 6.0-7.0 meters wide, 2.2-2.7 meters high and 60 meters long. In the cold rice planting area, the heat preservation is mainly used before emergence. If the temperature is too low, the three-film covering (adding the mulch film, small shed film) and other temperature-increasing insulation measures can be adopted.

3. Bed soil production, swinging disk loading. The seedling bed soil is screened to remove stones, dead branches and rotten leaves. Do a good job of acid adjustment, disinfection and fertilization. The acid can be adjusted with acid or solid sulfuric acid. The suitable pH value of the bed soil is 4.5-5.5, which can prevent and cure the blight and cultivate strong seedlings. The bed soil is sieved according to three dry soils or paddy soil, and mixed with a fully-soiled and sieved organic fertilizer, and then the pH value is determined first, and the acidity to be adjusted is determined, and then the seedbed soil is acidified, disinfected and fertilized. . Before the disinfection, the bottom water is poured first, and the soil moisture of the bed is saturated after the application is disinfected. Bed soil disinfectant generally uses 30% Rui Miaoqing, 30% soil fungus or 3% Yumiaoling, nursery green and so on. After the process of leveling, acid adjustment, disinfection and fertilization, 2-3 days before sowing, the trays are neatly placed on the bed, and the trays are placed close to each other. The thickness of the bed soil should be uniform, generally about 2.5 cm thick, and the periphery of the sub-disk is sealed with soil.

4. Soaking seeds and germination, precision sowing. The germination test was carried out as required before sowing, and the seed germination rate was required to be above 85%-90%. In the north, conventional japonica rice is selected by salt water or mechanically selected with a specific gravity of 1.13. Soaking seeds and seed treatment before planting, soaking seeds with seed coating agent, "soaking spirit", "Shi Baoke + natural brassinolide", "School" and so on for 72 hours (Heilongjiang generally at 12 °C) Soaking seeds at a temperature of about 5-7 days to prevent bacterial diseases such as blight and disease. The chest is broken at high temperature (35-38 ° C). After the whitening, the temperature of the seed pile is controlled at about 25-28 ° C. The temperature is suitable for germination, the bud length is less than 2 mm, and the seed is evenly sown after germination. Generally, when the local temperature passes 5-6 °C, the seeding is started, and the early sowing is carried out in the morning. The best sowing period in Heilongjiang Province is April 15-20. The three-film cover (the greenhouse film, the small greenhouse film, the mulch film) can be planted on April 5-15. Use 3 kg of seeds per acre of Honda, use 5-6 kg of water, add 25% of 2% Shiba emulsifiable concentrate or 25% of 35% of carbendazim. The water temperature should be kept at about 12 °C, soaking seeds for 5-7 days. It is recommended to promote the bag soaking method, which is easy to turn, drain, and ventilate, and it can be turned up and down once a day. Concentrated soaking and germination techniques can be used in places where conditions permit. The machine is inserted into the conventional indica rice seeding volume of 90-120 g / plate. Before planting, the trays are sifted through the bottom water with a fine sprayer, and can be sown by a precision seeder to achieve a dense and vigorous seedling.

5. Greenhouse temperature and moisture management. Each stage of temperature and humidity standards during the nursery period: 1) Seed root development period: from sowing to emergence, about 7-9 days, mainly to cultivate seed roots. In this period, water is generally not watered, and the temperature in the shed does not exceed 32 °C. If the film is covered, the film will be folded off after the emergence of the seedling. If the temperature is above 35 °C, the sides of the greenhouse should be opened and ventilated to cool down, and the vents should be closed at 4-5 pm. 2) The first full leaf elongation period: from emergence to the first complete leaf development, it takes about 5 days, during which the upper part controls the first leaf sheath height not more than 3 cm, and the lower part promotes the sheath leaf extending with the first leaf. Roots of 5 roots, when the emergence of 80% of the time to remove the film, the temperature of the shed is controlled at 22-25 ° C, the highest is not more than 28 ° C, timely ventilation and training; in addition to the seedbed over the dry water, generally less or no water, so that The seedbed remains in a dry field. 3) Weaning period: from the second leaf tip to the third leaf, it takes about 10-14 days to prevent the stems and leaves from growing, and the temperature and moisture are controlled. The temperature in the shed is controlled at 20-22 °C, and the maximum is not exceeded. 25 ° C; If the bed soil is whitish, the root system is well developed, the heart leaf tip does not spit water or the heart leaf curl in the morning and evening, watering at about 8 o'clock in the morning, once poured. Before the transplanting, according to the weather and the temperature inside the shed, more vents should be provided to train the seedlings in time. During the daytime, the temperature of the seedlings generally does not exceed 20 °C, and the nighttime is generally not lower than 10 °C. When the nighttime temperature is stable through 7 °C, it can be ventilated day and night.

6. Cultivate strong sputum and prevent diseases. On the basis of seed disinfection, seedbed and bed soil, acid adjustment and disinfection, pay attention to the prevention and control of blight and disease. Advocate the insertion of medicine machine. Do a good job of temperature regulation and water control, and cultivate the machine to insert strong seedlings. The seedlings should be developed with roots, suitable for high seedling height, thick stems, green leaves and even and neat. If there is a change in leaf color in the seedlings, urea fertilizer should be applied. The transplanting seedlings are mostly medium seedlings. The northern cold rice requires 30-35 days of age, the leaf age is 3.1-3.5 leaves, and the plant height is 12-15 cm. The seedlings are required to be even and tidy, and the roots are knotted and lifted.