People know that vitamins are an essential nutrient for humans and animals. Except for a small amount of vitamins, a small amount of vitamins can be synthesized in the body. Most vitamins must be taken from the feed. At the same time, depending on the growth and production stages of different animals and animals, the amount of vitamins required varies. Conditionally design the amount of vitamin added to meet the vitamin requirements for the production, growth, reproduction, and maintenance of different animals. First, determine the correct amount of vitamins added 1, check the breeding standard The minimum requirements for vitamins listed in China's Livestock and Poultry Breeding Standards and US NRC Feeding Standards are based on the criteria for the occurrence of deficiency under test conditions. Considering the loss during processing and storage and other factors affecting vitamin titer, it is recommended to add a certain amount of safety to the minimum required amount of livestock and poultry plus a certain safety factor. However, the current value of vitamins is often somewhat high. Although it is added to the health of the livestock and the storage of the body, it is not economically advantageous. To this end, it is necessary to make flexible adjustments based on the specific conditions of livestock and poultry health, production level, feed composition, environmental temperature, feeding methods and processing techniques, with reference to the recommended quantities of scientific workers and livestock breeding companies. Vitamin levels are added. 2, to ensure that vitamins have a safe According to the current production level of animal husbandry in China and the energy concentration and protein level in formula feed, it should be added in excess of the national livestock and poultry breeding standard and the US NRC feeding standard level (over 25~50%), which can bring Good economic benefits. Pay attention to the physical and chemical properties of vitamins and prevent incompatibility. For example, various vitamins react differently to factors such as light, heat, air, moisture, pH, etc., and must be considered comprehensively when ingredients are used. Choline chloride has a strong alkaline and hygroscopicity, which has a certain effect on the physiological potency of vitamins. Especially, liquid choline chloride has a strong destructive effect on vitamin A, vitamin K3 and vitamin B6. Add it separately. VC has strong reducing properties, and the aqueous solution is acidic. Vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B12 and folic acid easily interact with it and decompose. In addition, calcium pantothenate and niacin, calcium pantothenate and vitamin C, organic acid fungicides and anticoccidial drugs and vitamin B2 also have some mutual antagonism. Therefore, in order to increase the stability of multivitamins, even if antioxidants have been added to some raw materials, antioxidants (such as ethoxyquin, butylated hydroxytoluene, etc.) may be added to the vitamin premix. It should be noted that the total amount of oxidants from various sources in the final diet should not exceed the limit. For example, the ethoxyquin content should be less than 150 mg per kg of feed. Second, the use of vitamins should pay attention to matters 1. Master the relationship between demand and actual supply. The use of vitamin supplements in accordance with feeding standards should be noted to distinguish between the required amount and the amount of supply. Actually, the supply of vitamins is generally doubled. In actual breeding, it is a complicated problem to find out the exact vitamin requirement. In particular, many kinds of vitamin deficiency are confused and difficult to distinguish. Sometimes the secondary symptoms mask the characteristic symptoms. Sometimes similar symptoms will appear at the same time. Therefore, the recommended standard for the vitamin requirements of livestock and poultry should be regarded as a reference value. It should be increased by 25-50% based on the recommended amount. 2, control the preservation environment and production date of vitamin additives Vitamins have their own stability, and it has been proven that any vitamin supplement will gradually decrease in potency as the storage time increases. Improper storage, such as direct sunlight, excessive temperature, excessive humidity, and other substances to make a mixture of factors, will lead to a certain impact on vitamin titers. The storage of general vitamin additives requires the container to be sealed, protected from light and moisture, and the temperature is below 20 °C, and it is used up in a short period of time. Therefore, vitamin supplements should try to purchase products with short delivery date and packaging. Don't buy too much at a time, buy it now, in case of backlog waste, causing undue losses. 3, pay attention to the vitamin's potency, according to the instructions to use For chickens, the synthetic vitamin A titer is 100% compared to synthetic vitamin A. The bioavailability of vitamin A in cod liver oil is only 30-75%. There are many kinds of vitamin additives currently on the market, which are single and compound. More is compound, and also pay attention to its active ingredient content. 4, comprehensive consideration of the growth of livestock and poultry The compound feed contains all the vitamins needed under normal conditions. However, when livestock and poultry are in a poor environment, they are often insufficient and should be supplemented extra. Such as high temperature, cold, sudden changes in climate, diseases, vaccination, whole group, transportation, intensive feeding, chicken 2 weeks before, piglets weaning, egg production peaks, broken sputum, forced moulting, limited feeding and other stress conditions Underneath, it is necessary to double the vitamins in the feed to supplement the vitamin loss caused by stress. 5, pay attention to the premix of vitamin additives The proportion of vitamin supplements in compound feed is small and it is impossible to mix evenly at once. Therefore, the use of vitamin additives should be pre-mixed with a small amount of corn flour and other carriers, and then gradually expanded to prevent uneven mixing caused by some individuals to eat too much, or some individuals inadequate feeding. According to the investigation, if the vitamin additive is not premixed or unevenly mixed, it will cause vitamin deficiency in some individuals. Adequate premixing can significantly reduce the incidence of vitamin deficiency. Therefore, the Feed Quality and Safety Management Regulations clearly stipulate that the vitamin premix, trace element premix, and other minor components of the feed must be prepared in advance. Premixed feed is reproduced. Third, the correct storage of vitamin premixed feed Multivitamin products should be sealed under water and vacuum. Multivitamin products should be stored in a dry, dark, cool condition (generally required to be 20 ° C or less). The multivitamin preparation can be stored for one year, but preferably not more than six months, and the composite premixed feed containing the complex vitamins and the complex trace elements is preferably not more than one month. All vitamin feed products should be used up as soon as possible after opening. 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