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Die steel is mainly made up of three series of hot work die steel, cold work die steel and plastic die steel. China's ordinary die steel is now surplus, but the high-end, precision and long-life quality die steel has a big gap with foreign countries, mainly in the purity index. Chen Yunbo, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and deputy chief engineer of the Institute of Mechanical Science, said that the life of die-casting molds made of domestically produced H13 steel is 30,000 to 50,000 molds, and the life of imported high-quality H13 steel die-casting molds can reach 200,000 times. Production practice has proved that the Chinese mold steel industry, which has grown in size, has not yet emerged from the "big but not strong" cycle.
Qin Yu, deputy secretary-general of China Die & Mould Industry Association, said that although there are mold materials in China, there are more repeated steel types, coarse classification, small batch size, poor quality of steel quality, no reliability of steel, and there are concerns about the selection of mold enterprises. There is still a certain gap between China's mold steel in terms of variety, specifications, quality and performance and the international advanced mold steel production level. As a result, a considerable number of medium and high-grade mold special steels must be imported from abroad every year. Restricted the development of mold companies.
In recent years, many steel mills abroad have introduced new steel grades with excellent performance. For example, hot steel has done a lot of work. The new steel has strong high temperature performance and high toughness. It has been the first choice for hot work. The sales manager of Fushun Special Steel said that the domestic enterprises' smelting and processing main equipments are similar to those of foreign professional manufacturers. The big difference is the heat treatment equipment and machining equipment, which determines the quality of domestic mold steel products. The lack of brand determines that the price and added value of domestic die steel products lag far behind foreign die steel products, which is also an urgent need for domestic metallurgical enterprises to adjust.
China's manufacturing industry has entered a period of rapid development. Luo Baihui believes that in the next 5 to 10 years, the rapid development of the automotive, chemical, electronics and other industries will drive the development of the machinery manufacturing industry, and the molding industry and equipment of the mold industry as a part of the mechanical manufacturing industry must be developed first. The development of mold materials from the smelting quality, production process and heat treatment technology. However, due to the small amount of new mold materials and low mold life, it is difficult for mold companies to find a reliable domestic mold new steel to replace imported mold steel. The development and promotion of high-quality, high-life hot-working die steel new steel grades in China is in a relatively stagnant state.
Generally speaking, the material used for the mold accounts for about 20% of the output value of the mold, but the quality of the mold will directly affect the use and performance of the mold. The development of mold materials is a long-term system engineering, requiring development, production, sales and technical services. More than 80% of China's die steel market is black-skin round bar stock, flat steel and pre-hardened mold steel are less, most of the die steel still needs to be used after forging, the forging process control is not strict, the internal quality is better Poor, steel utilization is low; although most of the domestic mold steel production plants have used advanced smelting equipment and process production, such as furnace refining, vacuum degassing, electroslag remelting, precision forging and other methods, but There is still a gap between foreign advanced mold steel production plants. Therefore, mold steel enterprises should expand the proportion of using advanced technology to produce mold steel, strengthen the introduction of new processes and new equipment, improve production processes, improve management, and produce mold steel with high purity, uniformity and large specifications. During the 12th Five-Year Plan, on the one hand, the mold industry will inevitably put forward higher technical requirements for mold materials. On the other hand, in the face of long-term dependence on importing a large amount of mold materials to support the development of China's mold industry, we will vigorously develop new mold materials technology in China. , new technology, new varieties.
Traffic track die steel breaks foreign monopoly
According to Luo Baihui, the head of the International Association of Moulds and Hardware and Plastics Industry Suppliers, the high-speed railway has very high requirements on the flatness of the track. The longitudinal and lateral errors of the 1000-meter track are not more than 5 mm. For a long time, the I-beam steel mold technology of ballastless track has been monopolized by Japanese and German enterprises. In the construction of high-speed railways in China, a large amount of foreign exchange is imported from abroad every year, and the development is greatly restricted.
On February 18, CSR Luoyang Locomotive Co., Ltd.'s ballastless I-plate steel mold technology successfully passed the expert group review. This technology successfully broke the foreign monopoly and will have a positive impact on China's high-speed railway construction. Experts agreed in the review that CSR Luoyang Locomotive Co., Ltd. has the world's advanced level of ballastless I-plate steel mold technology. It has three obvious characteristics: reasonable structure, high rigidity, convenient assembly and disassembly, high repeatability and high precision. Long service life; high processing and molding accuracy, no leakage.
It is reported that this key technology will soon be applied to the construction of high-speed railways such as Shanghai-Nanjing, Guangshen and Harbin, which can save a lot of foreign exchange for the country.
The central enterprises with strong strength are leading the “Made in China†to make great strides toward “Created in Chinaâ€. From the "Shenzhou" manned spacecraft, J10 fighters, EMUs with a speed of 487.3 km/h, clean energy to thin paper, Chinese companies are moving to the cutting edge of global manufacturing.
Leading high-end automotive steel technology
China is a major global producer of steel and a major producer and seller of global automobiles. In 2010, the country produced 62.65 million tons of crude steel and 599.35 million tons of crude steel, and the production and sales volume of automobiles exceeded 18 million. According to Luo Baihui, head of the International Association of Molds and Hardware and Plastics Industry Suppliers, steel accounts for about 70% of the weight of automobiles. Automotive steel is a high-end steel product and an important indicator of the technical level of the national steel industry. Industrialized countries such as Europe, Japan, and the United States have been leading the development trend of automotive steel. Previously, although China's auto steel R & D and production development has been rapid, it has not been able to get rid of the Western model of tracking and learning.
Although China is a global steel producer, its profit margins are constantly being eroded by high-priced iron ore. In 2010, the industry's profit margin was only 2.91%. The global iron ore supply giant - Rio Tinto, a company's profits exceed the total profit of 80% of Chinese steel companies. Extremely low profit margins and huge automotive steel market capacity have “forced†Chinese steel mills to continuously improve product quality and increase R&D investment.
From 2006 to 2009, the research and development funds of central enterprises increased by 27.9% annually; one-quarter of central enterprises' technology investment accounted for more than 5% of sales revenue. The central enterprises have 21,266 effective invention patents, and some companies have an annual patent application growth rate of more than 50%. In 2010, the total revenue of more than 120 central enterprises supervised by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council reached 16.7 trillion yuan, accounting for 42% of China's GDP during the same period. Central enterprises with higher profit levels invest large sums of money every year in research and development. The huge amount of research and development funds is pushing the central enterprises to the technological frontier of global manufacturing. On January 21st, Tian Zhiling, deputy general manager of China Iron and Steel Research and Technology Group, said that the group was the first in the world to develop the world's leading third-generation automotive steel production technology in 2010. After the application of the third generation of automotive steel, the weight of the car can be greatly reduced and the collision safety can be improved. It is a key technology to improve the competitiveness of the automotive market, and can comprehensively improve the technical level of the steel industry. China’s long-term tracking of Western automotive steel technology will be changed, and China’s transition from a steel power to a steel power has received technical support.
China Steel Research and Technology Group is the largest comprehensive research and development institution in China's metallurgical industry. It undertakes the research and development of more than 85% of national defense industry new materials and more than 50% of the industry's key technologies in the metallurgical industry; in the field of alloy steel, it has been developed. Nearly a thousand high-tech key new materials.
Weng Yuqing, a special academician of the China Iron and Steel Research Institute and a member of the China Metals Society, who is involved in the research and development of automotive steel, said that Chinese steel mills such as TISCO and Shougang have a strong interest in third-generation automotive steel technology. In the process of research and development, while the government provides support funds, steel mills invest more in research and development. In the future, China's large-scale backbone steel companies will master the third-generation automotive steel technology.
"Made in China" wins international standards
While mastering advanced manufacturing technologies, Chinese companies also want to influence international standards. Datang Telecom (17.81, -0.66, -3.57%) Group Vice President and Chief Engineer Chen Shanzhi said on the 21st that Datang TD-LTE-A has become a 4G (fourth generation mobile communication) international standard without any suspense.
Prior to this, TD-SCDMA proposed by Datang Telecom Group has become the international standard for 3G (third generation mobile communication). Datang, which has core technology, uses the large-scale and low-cost "Made in China" capability to promote China's existing low-cost manufacturing resources and promote simple low-cost advantages to high-end core technology in the process of promoting TD-SCDMA. The overall cost advantage. Prior to TD, Chinese companies had never had successful experience in international standard competition and industrialization and marketization of international standards.
In the 1G era, China's communications equipment products all depended on imports; in the 2G era, more than 80% of the Chinese communications market share was occupied by Western companies; in the 3G era, 90% of the equipment in the TD-SCDMA market was provided by Chinese companies. After having TD-SCDMA with independent intellectual property rights, China no longer has to pay high patent fees to foreign manufacturers.
If, as Chen Shanzhi said, Datang TD-LTE-A becomes the 4G international standard, China's communications industry will completely get rid of the technological dependence on foreign manufacturers, and the competition pattern of Western manufacturers' long-term monopoly of global communications industry will be changed.
At that time, Chinese manufacturers will export their own technology while exporting a large number of electronic information products. This is happening in the global railway market today: Chinese manufacturers' output technology is becoming a reality.
Urgent to create high-end mold steel national brand
In the past ten years, in order to adapt to the development of China's die steel industry and produce high-grade die steel products, the backbone enterprises of China's production of die steel have done a lot of technical equipment transformation work, such as Steel Five Plant, Fushun Steel Plant and Great Wall Special Steel. The Shanggang No. 5 Plant and Fushun Steel Plant also introduced the internationally advanced mold steel production equipment and technology.
Today, these companies are in line with world-class professional mold steel production plants such as smelting and hot-processing, such as Udholm in Sweden and Hitachi in Japan, but the production line is not matched, mainly in the latter step. The process is still not perfect. In addition, over the past few years, China's technology investment in mold steel has been insufficient, which has determined that domestic mold steel is still unsatisfactory in terms of quality and brand, which makes the price and added value of domestic mold steel products lag far behind foreign molds. Steel products cause a large amount of mold steel and mold to be imported every year, which is also an urgent need for adjustment of domestic metallurgical enterprises.
Regarding the development strategy of China's die steel, Luo Baihui, head of the International Mold and Metal Plastics Industry Suppliers Association, pointed out that “in the development of mold steel, Fushun Special Steel, which is in front of various special steel enterprises, investing in the construction of mold heat treatment and processing center is worthwhile. "Other mold steel manufacturers learn from the practice", Luo Baihui believes that those who have advanced equipment for the production of mold steel, if the next cost, improve the post-step process of mold steel production, and strengthen the technology investment of mold steel, create The goal of the internationally advanced mold steel national brand is achievable in the near future.
China's mold steel industry has risen to qualitative change, and it is urgent to create high-end national products.
With the continuous development of China's mold industry, the import volume of high-grade mold steel is rising continuously. It is expected that the import of steel for molds will increase substantially, especially the pattern of mold steel imported in a short period of time is difficult to change. Imports of mold steel are mainly from Japan, Germany, Sweden, Austria, South Korea and other countries. According to Luo Baihui, head of the International Association of Moulds, Hardware and Plastics Industry Suppliers, China has about 20% of its annual share, about 100,000 tons, and the contract worth 6 billion yuan of quality mold steel needs to be imported. It almost occupies the high-end market of the entire mold steel. . Moreover, the price of imported mold steel is several times or ten times higher than that of domestic similar products. The main reason is that foreign mold steel adopts single quality indicators of pure quality, annealing structure and impact toughness. The quality of steel is uniform, the structure is small, and the size is accurate. For example, the standard control index of foreign H13 steel is up to 8 items, while the standard of China only has 3 items. At present, compared with international advanced levels such as Sweden, Germany, the United States, Japan, and France, the domestically produced alloy die steel has a certain gap in terms of variety, quality, size specifications and performance, and it is difficult to meet the high-end market demand.