Combined machine tool spindle box CAD/CAM development

The headstock is one of the important special components of the process-intensive, efficient combination machine tool. It is used to arrange (according to the required coordinate position) the machine tool spindle and its transmission parts and the corresponding additional mechanism [1]. The advantages and disadvantages of the spindle box transmission system and the box processing methods and methods directly affect the reliability, durability, economy and accuracy of the machine tool. Manually designing its transmission system is often affected by factors such as the number of spindles, different speeds and small spatial position. Not only is the workload large, the optimization is limited, and it is easy to make mistakes; its box processing, whether on a coordinate trampoline, Or manual programming on the machining center, there are drawbacks of the operator, programmers, workload, high error rate and low productivity. This paper uses the visual programming language - visualbasic6.0 [2] and solves the above two problems.

1 headstock drive system cad

The headstock is geared. The transmission system refers to the movement of the drive shaft through a certain transmission route. The multi-stage gear transmission is used to determine the position of the transmission gear and its transmission shaft. Finally, the motion is transmitted to the main shaft to obtain the specified rotation speed and direction. It is the most critical and most productive part of the headstock design.

1.1 Get raw data

The headstock drive system must be designed according to the specific requirements of the part being machined. The raw data for its design is:
Drive shaft shaft diameter d, speed n, coordinates (x0, y0); headstock size: width b, height h;
Origin of coordinates: horizontal b0, vertical h0; processing type: drilling, tapping; type of hole being machined: through hole or blind hole;
The coordinates of each spindle (xi, yi), shaft diameter di, speed n;

The flow chart for obtaining these data is shown in Figure 1. The working interface is Figure 2 (taking a design as an example). Click "Continue" to pop up the interface of Figure 3.

1.2 drive cad system flow chart

The design of the transmission chain of the headstock is the most important part of its design. The transmission form is various and flexible. In this part of the development, the idea of ​​artificial design is simulated to make the operation more direct and faster.

The transmission coordinate calculation of the headstock is the most computationally intensive part of its design. Although the transmission form is diversified, its coordinate calculation can be classified into three categories: a transmission with one axis, a transmission with two axes, and a transmission with three axes. The calculation can use the Pythagorean theorem, the cosine theorem and the formula for finding the center of the circumscribed circle.

From the above content, combined with the manual design process, the flow chart of the drive cad system is shown in Figure 4:

1.3 Work interface and design results

The working interface of the drive system is shown in Figure 3. The right side of the interface is the design result. The different colors in the figure indicate different rows: red-iv row, black-iii row, purple-ii row, blue-i row.

Initialization—the original base map will be drawn based on the original data;
The previous step --- will return to the previous step of the last operation;
Run --- will be designed according to the type of positioning.

2 spindle box housing cam

According to the experience of the cabinet processing technicians, the optimized capp of the machining spindle box body is summarized, the cam original file formed by the spindle box transmission cad is used, and the tool preparation file and the numerical control code satisfying the processing requirements are automatically formed by vb programming.

2.1 Original file

The hole system on the spindle housing is determined by the position of the specific machining hole, the position of the transmission shaft, the size of the shaft diameter, the type of the shaft, etc. For the processing of different spindle housings, specific data must be extracted.

In the "Box Description" line, the parameters are the number of spindles, total number of axes, spindle box number, spindle box specification power box specifications, configuration;

In the "Axis Description" line, the parameters are axis number, axis type, axis abscissa, axis ordinate, and axis hole parameters.

2.2 Box cam flow chart

In order to avoid the scrapping of the machined part due to the error of the input of the original data when the cam part is used alone, in the cam part design, the mutual position and related parameters of each axis are first programmed and displayed. Then according to the characteristics of the "process concentration" of the spindle box processing on the machining center, according to the processing procedure, the processing surface and positioning hole of the box are set, combined with the original data and the processing database, the preparation file and numerical control code of the tool are automatically formed by vb programming. .

Its box cam flow chart is shown in Figure 5.

2.3 cabinet cam module

In the cam module, the key is to get two files: tool preparation and machining CNC code. Tool preparation is provided to the processor to prepare the machining tool; machining CNC code is a series of machining instructions issued to the machining center. The key to form these two parts is to obtain the graphic element data and the processing element data, which are obtained by the file and processing database formed by cad. The tool preparation file is formed by classifying the processing elements, and the machining NC code is processed by the element. The three parts of the NC code, such as the knife and the tool change, are structured as follows:

3 application examples

Take a spindle box as an example, run the cam system, and its working interface and results are shown in Figure 6. Cam working interface, intuitive display of the position of each axis hole, tool preparation file, CNC code, to facilitate inspection; save its tool preparation file, CNC code for processing technology workers.

4 Conclusion

The combination machine headbox transmission system cad and its box cam integrated system are edited by visual programming language vb, and the cad and cam parts can be used separately or in combination. Through the comparison of multiple headstocks, the design and calculation speed of the cad system is more than ten times that of the manual. The calculation is very accurate; the transmission is easy to modify, and the design scheme is more optimized. The programming speed of the cam system is several dozen times of manual programming, the scrap rate is zero, and the machining accuracy meets the drawing requirements. The cad/cam integrated system of the combined machine headstock makes the design and processing efficiency of the headstock greatly improved, and the production cost is significantly reduced.

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